https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_McLeod
Epitome of the Ancient History of Japan
著者: N. McLeod
HIDI
J.C. M 225″ e
Peright Ect21, 1/8.80
PREFACE.
This work is the result of much personal
research and observation by the author during
his travels through Japan, and has been compiled
from notes direct and the best works procurable,
and is printed preparatory to publication of a
work of twelve volumes, with illustrations, simi-
lar to Kæmpfer's, but which will contain a more
accurate and detailed account of the origin of
the Japanese, with a description of the Jewish
belongings.
With these few remarks the writer throws
himself upon the kind indulgence of his readers,
and trusts that any errors which may have crept
into his book will be looked upon with a lenient
eye, as owing to sickness and other causes he
had no control over the work after the thirty-
fifth page.
N. M.
はじめに
本書は、著者が日本を旅行した際に行った個人的な調査と観察の結果であり、直接のメモと入手可能な最良の文献から編集され、図版を含む12巻からなる作品の出版に向けて印刷されたものである。
この本は、ケンプファーの本に似ているが、日本人の起源についてのより正確で詳細な説明と、ユダヤ人の持ち物についての記述が含まれているであろう。そして、この本に入り込んだいかなる間違いも、寛大な目で見てもらえることを信じている。なぜなら、病気やその他の原因によって、彼は30ページ目以降の作品をコントロールできなかったからである。N. M.
Kæmpfer is considered the best authority we yet have on Japan, and as his travels lay principally through, and over the territory occupied by this mixed race, and back again the same way, his remarks and opinion as to the origin of the inhabitants were doubtless made from the result of his limited and confined personal observations. As he was only permitted to travel from Nagasaki along the Tokaido or main public road of Japan to Osaka, and from thence to Kiyoto and Yedo, he has evidently based his opinion as to the Japanese being of European origin from what he saw of this race, who down to 1868 remained, as he, Kæmpfer, left them in November 1692; and certainly from what he saw, he had not sufficient grounds on which to base any definite conclusion, and his opinion that the Japanese were of European extraction (or descendants of Japhet) may be accounted for from the fact that the ethnology of the greater part of the race he came in contact with would lead him to believe that such was the case. It is however noteworthy that wherever he meets with the pure descendants of the Aa. Inu race, and likewise the Little Race, he minutely and correctly describes them, and, in his comparison of the difference in character, between the Chinese and Japanese, we now know he specially alluded to the Samurai. I have used the terms Japhet and European so that my readers may follow Kampfer's account of the ethno
Kæmpfer, left them in November 1692; and certainly from what he saw, he had not sufficient grounds on which to base any definite conclusion, and his opinion that the Japanese were of European extraction (or descendants of Japhet) may be accounted for from the fact that the ethnology of the greater part of the race he came in contact with would lead him to believe that such was the case. It is however noteworthy that wherever he meets with the pure descendants of the Aa. Inu race, and likewise the Little Race, he minutely and correctly describes them, and, in his comparison of the difference in character, between the Chinese and Japanese, we now know he specially alluded to the Samurai. I have used the terms Japhet and European so that my readers may follow Kampfer's account of the ethno
Kæmpfer must have made good use of his time to have compiled a work of such magnitude, having arrived in Nagasaki on the 24th September 1690 and departed for Europe in November 1692 at which latter date his manuscript must have been written, and which is now about 183 years old, as it is the condensed matter of 2,353 years compressed into two volumes fully illustrated with engravings of the principal Japanese belongings; and all future Historians can only build upon the foundations he has already laid, as he has left them little else to do; the errors he has made in judgment are few, as the result of his own observations are strictly logical; one very natural mistake he makes is that he put down the sun as of the masculine gender, as in Latin sol. Amaterasu on gami, or Tenshoko dai jin is represented by the Japanese as a woman, and he makes the Emperors of Japan to be the lineal descendants of the eldest son of Amaterasu, whilst they are descended from her second son. His mistake about the death of Hideyori Tyco's son must have been the fault of his informant who probably was a Tokugawa officer, as they had a bitter hatred to both Tyco Sama and his son, and this they shewed by desecrating Tyco's tomb in Kiyoto. Having thus made these preliminary remarks, I will now proceed to give a description of each race, which I prefix by alluding to Noah's curse on Ham, and his blessing on Shem and Japhet, as I have found both fulfilled in the inhabitants of Japan, who are the descendants of Shem, Ham, and Japhet, as their ethnology and all belongings will prove. First then the AINO RACE (Aa. Inu). This word is derived from the Japanese AA which means contempt, and Inu a dog. As there is no such word as Aino in the Japanese language, this name was given to them by the Samurai of Jin Mu Tenno, or the Jewish race, who as shown from other sources contemptuously called all gentiles dogs.
Kæmpfer, as I have proved many of them by circumstantial evidence and ocular demonstration, than the hap hazard information many foreigners have received from Japanese, and evidently taken for truth, and have accordingly put them down as such in their histories of Japan. The aborigines of the Corea were said to be of the same race as those of China, and all their belongings up to Jin Mu Tennos era, 660 B.C., were very primitive and denoted a very early period, as no traces of civilization were to be found amongst them, and they lived in a savage state like the Aa. Inus, the aborigines of Japan, being armed with the bow and war club: they, with perfect safety, may be said to have originally come direct to Corea after the dispersion of Babel and are a pure Cau casian race.
Kæmpfer styles their hereditary Prince in his day, a Monarque Ecclesiastique, as he does the Emperor of Japan, who resided in Kiyoto, and in fact they both then were in the same position. The Tycoon or Shogun of the Tokugawa had the real power, and the Prince of Satsuma was Shogun of Lechew, while the Emperor of Japan and the Prince of the Lechews had only the nominal power; hence the mistake of foreigners in calling them spiritual Emperors only. Properly speaking the Shoguns were usurpers. The great respect the Princes of Satsuma had for the Taira or Hegi, many of whom took refuge in their country, after being defeated by Yoritomo, we can suppose preserved the throne of Lewchews to the descendants of Tame Tomo. But no such respect guided the Shoguns of the Tokugawa family; they well knew the feelings of the country. Tyco Sama who wielded more power than any man in Japan either before or after him up till now, wished to dethrone the Emperor and abolish the title and family, and raise his own family to the supreme power, but his own soldiers would not support him. Kæmpfer's report of the Prince of Lechew being a descendant of their Gods, simply means that Tame Tomo his ancestor, after his death was deified and worshipped. Yoshitzme is likewise worshipped at the present day in Yezo. Hero Worship is one distinct branch of the so called Shinto religion. On the restoration of the Emperor to power in 1868 these islands were added to the Japanese Empire, and on account of the Lechewans continuing to pay tribute to China, the Japanese government are about to order the hereditary Prince of these islands to reside in Yedo, and convert the islands into a separate ken. Notwithstanding what the Chinese say, there can be no two opinions as to the wisdom of this step. The Lechewans first bury their dead and afterwards when the flesh has rotted off, the bones are carefully put into a zubo or vase, and deposited in their rock tombs.
Kæmpfer's time, are nearly all of the aborigines of China, and kewise the descendants of the Tartars, as nearly all their belongings musical instruments, &c. at the present day denote and are quite different from the belongings of the early Chinese who conquered the aborigines of China and introduced civilization amongst them. I am of opinion that they are of the same race as Jin Mu Tenno and his Samurai, as their particular belongings would denote,
Kæmpfer takes no notice, and yet from these three gods in their purity the word Shinto is derived, and they are the Creators of beaven and earth, and all that the best Shinto books say about them is this. In the beginning these three holy gods dwelt in the firma
ケンプファーは日本に関する最高の権威と考えられており、そして…
Nicholas McLeod
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Nicholas McLeod (fl. 1868–1889), in some accounts called Norman McLeod, was a native of the Isle of Skye, Scotland known for his theory that the Japanese people descended from the Lost Tribes of Israel.
Tudor Parfitt describes McLeod as
...a Scot who started his career in the herring industry before he ended up in Japan as a missionary...[1]
Beyond that is very little known for certain about him except that he published a book in 1878 in Nagasaki called Epitome of the ancient history of Japan (cover title: Japan and the Lost Tribes of Israel) and another in Kyoto under the title Illustrations to the Epitome of the ancient history of Japan, including illustrations to the guide book.[2]
The thesis of these extraordinary books was that the holy class of Japan is descended from the Lost Tribes of Israel. He claimed that the first known king of Japan was called Osee and came to the throne in 730 B.C., identifying him with Hoshea, the last king of Israel, who died in 722 B.C. The books contain extensive comparisons of the religious rituals of Judaism and Shinto as evidence of the links between ancient Israel and Japan.[3]
McLeod dedicated the book Epitome of the ancient history of Japanpublished in 1878 to "Rve. William Mackenzie (Late of North Leith Free Church, Scotland)".[4] According to Zvi Ben-Dor Benite, MacLeod had been a missionary who spent decades in Japan and Korea "searching for the true Israelites".[5] The following passage is an example from the book in which McLeod draws correlations between his observations on Japan and the fulfillment of biblical prophecy.
The civilized race of the Aa. Inus, the Tokugawa and the Machi No Hito of the large towns, by dwelling in the tent or tabernacle shaped houses first erected by Jin Mu Tenno, have fulfilled Noah's prophecy regarding Japhet, "He shall dwell in the tents of Shem."(McLeod, 1878. p. 7)
See also
References
- Parfitt, Tudor (2003). The Lost Tribes of Israel: The History of a Myth. Phoenix. pp. 1, 159.none
- "Rare Books - Important Acquisitions - Illustrations to the Epitome of the ancient history of Japan, including illustrations to the guide book", National Library of Scotland website, 2004 (?), http://www.nls.uk/collections/rarebooks/acquisitions/singlebook.cfm/idfind/416
- "TRIBES, LOST TEN", Jewish Encyclopedia, http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14506-tribes-lost-ten
- Epitome of the ancient history of Japan N. McLeod
- Ben-Dor Benite, Zvi (2009). The ten lost tribes : a world history. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-19-530733-7. OCLC 179802621.none
Sources
Jozef Rogala, A Collector's Guide to Books on Japan in English, Routledge, ISBN 1-873410-91-3
ニコラス・マクラウド
ニコラス・マクラウド（英: Nicholas McLeod、活動期:1868年 – 1889年）は、スコットランド・スカイ島出身の人物で、日本人がイスラエルの失われた10支族の子孫であるという彼の理論で知られていた。別名はノーマン・マクラウド（英: Norman McLeod）。
テューダー・パーフィット（英語版）はマクラウドの職業について、彼が宣教師として日本に来る前は、ニシン業界に身を置いていたと述べている[1]。
マクラウドは1875年に長崎で『日本古代史の縮図』（表題：日本とイスラエルの失われた部族）や、1878年に京都で『Illustrations to the epitome of the ancient history of Japan』（イラストを含む）を制作し、出版した[2]。
これらの本の内容は、日本の聖職者階級がイスラエルの失われた10支族の子孫であるということだった。彼は、日本の最初の知られていた王がオセーと呼ばれ、紀元前730年に王位に入って、紀元前722年に死亡したイスラエルの最後の王ホセアと彼を識別したと主張した。 本書には、古代イスラエルと日本のつながりの証拠として、ユダヤ教と神道の宗教儀式の広範な比較が含まれている[3]。
マクラウドは、1875年に出版された『日本古代史の縮図』をウィリアム・マッケンジー (スコットランド自由教会）に献辞した[4]。
関連項目
参考文献
- Parfitt, Tudor (2003). The Lost Tribes of Israel: The History of a Myth. Phoenix. pp. 1, 159none
- ^ "Rare Books - Important Acquisitions - Illustrations to the Epitome of the ancient history of Japan, including illustrations to the guide book", National Library of Scotland website, 2004 (?), http://www.nls.uk/collections/rarebooks/acquisitions/singlebook.cfm/idfind/416
- ^ "TRIBES, LOST TEN", Jewish Encyclopedia, http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14506-tribes-lost-ten
- ^ Epitome of the ancient history of Japan N. McLeod
出典[編集]
Jozef Rogala, A Collector's Guide to Books on Japan in English, Routledge, ISBN 1-873410-91-3
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